Sowing Times and Conditions

When

Sow in the spring between March, April, May, or early June at the latest. Wait for signs that the soil is warming up, such as weed and wildflower seedlings appearing on bare earth. April is usually the best month to prepare the ground and sow the seeds. In mild areas, autumn sowing is possible for an early flowering display but will result in the loss of some (or all) of the display if there is frosty weather during the winter or spring.

Where

Any open, sunny location which gets at least a couple of hours of sunshine each day. For the best results, choose the sunniest spot. A shady position will result in patchy growth and poor flowering. Sow into any free-draining soil or compost. They can be sown in pots, window boxes, containers, tubs or raised beds.

Ground Preparation

Weeds

It is important to sow onto a very clean seed bed and ensure that all visible weeds, especially grass, are removed. Ideally, this includes killing or removing the roots and rhizomes of perennial weeds. Do not sow into existing grass or other vegetation as this will lead to failure. If you think the area has a lot of weed seeds present in the soil, you can spread a 5-10cm deep sowing mulch of weed-free compost or soil improver over the area to create a clean surface to sow onto.

Soil preparation

Once weeds have been removed, cultivate the ground shallowly by using a rake to form a nice level seedbed that has a fine, crumbly texture. If the soil is hard and compacted, shallowly cultivate the area by turning the soil with a fork or cultivating with a rotavator. Cultivate the soil to around 7cm (3 inches) and then rake to form a crumb texture seed bed.

Sowing Your Seed

Sowing rate

Our annuals should be sown at a rate of 3g per square metre.

How to sow

Mix your seed thoroughly with an inert bulking material such as sawdust, coir or even builders sand at a rate of five-parts-sand to one-part-seeds to help distribute the seed over the area. This will also allow you to see where the seed has been sown. Sow the seed/sand mix evenly over the whole area by scattering in different directions, ensuring that you keep the mix well mixed throughout the sowing process. We always recommend sowing by hand as this gives the best results.

Rolling and watering

The seed/carrier mix is sown onto the surface, and it is essential that it is firmed onto the soil surface by using a garden roller, back of a spade or even walking over it. Normally, annual seeds will not require any form of watering in the UK, but if drought conditions are experienced, then watering will be required. Watering is best done by leaving a sprinkler on the area in the early morning/late evening and letting the ground become completely saturated so the water soaks down into the soil where it won’t evaporate and encourages deep root growth. Giving a lot of water every few days is much better than giving a little water every day. Stop once the ground is covered with seedlings.

Establishment and Management

Growth

You could expect to see the first signs of germination in 7-10 days. Growth can be very rapid after this, and flowers may start appearing as early as 6 weeks after sowing.

Weeding

If ground preparation has been good, then it is normal not to undertake any form of maintenance such as weeding at all throughout the whole of the flowering season. Our annuals are specifically designed to throw up taller and taller flowering stems as the year progresses and this characteristic, along with the very high flower content, is effective at ‘masking’ weeds that do invade. If there are a lot of weeds, they can be hand-pulled as soon as they are identified while trying to keep meadow trampling to a minimum. The earlier you do this, the better.

End of season

Once the flowering season has finished, the area can be cut down and left on the surface as mulch or removed and composted. This can happen any time from autumn through to late winter. Leaving the meadow standing over winter provides oil-rich seeds for birds and hollow stems for overwintering insects. Standing seedheads can look attractive too. There may be some re-seeding of certain species the following spring, which can give a limited flowering display. However, to get a full pictorial display, you should freshly prepare the area again by re-cultivating the ground and re-sowing the following spring.

Annuals on the same patch after three years

After three years of annuals on the same patch, there is often a build-up of annual weeds, so the sown meadow becomes less successful or can lack diversity. Using a 5–10cm depth mulch of soil improver or PAS100 green waste compost can provide weed-suppressing sowing mulch which also provides some nutrients for the annuals. However, doing this each year causes a build-up of both nutrients and weeds. As a result, we generally do not recommend annuals on the same patch for more than three years in a row. It is best to create an annual meadow somewhere new.

If relocating the meadow isn’t possible, you may still choose to proceed – but please be aware that results may not be as striking after a few years on the same patch. With careful management, it’s still possible to get a good display, however we cannot guarantee results or take responsibility for outcomes. If you want to stick with the same patch after three years of annuals, then we recommend transitioning to a perennial meadow. If using perennial seed, use a weed-free, low nutrient mulch such as sand. If annual weeds are an issue in the first year, keep the meadow mown to about four inches. This will help control annual weeds while encouraging the perennials to form a dense ground cover and good roots ready for flowering in the second year.

Frequently Asked Questions

Sowing FAQs

Where is the best place to sow annual seeds?

Our annuals need 4–6 hours of guaranteed sun a day. Our seed mixes are designed for sunny open-ground spaces but there’s nothing to stop you planting in pots.

When is the best time to sow annual seeds?

The best month is April, but you can sow early in March if the ground feels workable and as late as early June.

Can I sow annual seeds in the autumn?

Yes, but it is not advised if this is going to be your main display. Not all the annual seeds will survive in the ground over the cold and wet winters. However, some viable seeds of some species will survive and provide an earlier if different display.

Does the sowing time impact the length of the flowering time?

Every year is different. In general, early sowings will mean your annual meadow will come into flower earlier. If the summer is very hot and dry, they may finish earlier.

Can I sow annual seeds over existing grass?

No, grass will prevent the annual seeds from growing. You need to prepare a very clean, weed-free seedbed. Grass is very competitive and will quickly dominate the annuals and reduce the impact of the flowers.

Can I mix annual seeds with perennial seeds?

No. If you are trying to establish a proper perennial meadow, then do not put annual seeds in the mix. Annuals in the wrong amounts will very quickly outcompete the slower-growing perennials and prevent many of them from establishing successfully.

Can I use yellow rattle to assist meadow establishment?

Yellow Rattle parasitises the roots of some grass species but also attaches to many perennial species. Introducing yellow rattle usually results in a more subtle meadow, therefore we advise caution and consideration before introducing it.

Can I sow annual seeds near other plants?

Our annuals can work around other plants, provided the other plants do not cast too much shade on the annuals or compete for water. When cultivating the soil before sowing annual seeds, aim to avoid other plant roots or emerging bulbs by keeping the cultivation shallow and working around bulb areas. You can sow our different annual seed mixes next to each other, but we generally advise against combining seed mixes as the mixes are fine-tuned. Combining multiple mixes could result in an overall poor display.

What happens if I sow less or more than the recommended rate?

It’s best to stick to the 3g per square metre rule for annuals as that’s how we’ve formulated the meadow designs. 3g gives a good display on most soil types. Increasing the sowing rate will often mean more interspecies competition, which results in less diverse annual meadows dominated by just a few species. Decreasing the rate, especially below 2g, will make the annual meadow look very sparse to start with and encourage more weed invasion.

If I’ve sown an annual meadow one year, will it regrow the next year?

No, not really. Many species won’t reseed at all. Some species will, but in a much more random and patchy way. However, if you have fairly infertile soil or you have experienced very little weed infestation, you can get some lovely second and third-year displays taking place from the few species that do reseed.

What do I need to do if I want to resow annual seeds for a second or follow-on year?

You must start from scratch each spring by cutting down any old growth and creating a clean, cultivated seedbed again. You will find that both weeds and a few self-seeded annuals will start to build up in the seedbed over time.

Soil FAQs

What types of soil are best for annual meadows?

Our annuals can grow on a range of soil types: loam, clay, chalk, silt, etc. If nutrients are low, establishment will be slower, and the annual meadow will be lower and more open in texture which can be very attractive. On more fertile soil, the annual meadow will grow faster and be taller. If it is heavy, solid clay and you cannot achieve a fine crumbly tilth, then the soil may not be suitable for annuals. 100–150mm soil depth is best as annuals like a lot of nutrients – thinner soil won’t get as much growth but can offer short dainty annual meadows. Chalk soils are generally low fertility; annual meadows will therefore be daintier. These soils are usually ideal for perennial meadows, as grass is less likely to dominate, and you are more likely to have a diverse meadow.

What effect will the fertility of my soil have on the display?

Annuals thrive on normal to high fertility soils, making them the perfect meadow solution for most gardens and parks. The richer the soil though, the taller and bushier the plants will be. The thinner and poorer the soil, the opposite will happen. Normally, if you grow annual meadows on the same patch of ground for more than three years, you will see the fertility start to decrease and the emerging meadows look finer and shorter. This is a perfect time to think about moving onto establishing a perennial meadow, which does better on low fertility soils.

Maintenance FAQs

Do I need to irrigate my annual meadow?

No, but it’s important to roll or firm the annual seeds into the ground so the seedlings get enough moisture. The annual seeds will germinate readily as soon as the soil is warm and moist enough. The only time an annual meadow might need irrigation is if it must be in flower for a particular date and the weather has turned exceptionally dry and hot. In these circumstances, a couple of good soakings will help things along, but stop as soon as seedlings have created a green cover over the soil.

Do I need to worry about animals eating the annual seeds?

While a few annual seeds may be eaten by birds or mice, this seldom affects the overall meadow display. Rabbits, deer and large birds such as geese and chickens can be an issue but can be deterred with temporary fencing and netting during the meadow establishment. Establishing the annual meadow nearer buildings and busier areas usually reduces the risk of damage.

Will frost affect the annual seeds?

Annual seeds can generally tolerate a light frost, but a heavy frost or long period of freezing conditions would cause loss of some of the species. You can check the last expected frost date for your area with an internet search.

It looks like I just have a blanket of weeds, is there anything I can do?

Unfortunately, this sometimes happens if there is a big weed seed bank in your soil, but don’t panic. Wait until your weeds are about 150mm (6 inches) tall and run your mower over the whole area on the highest cut. This checks the weeds and allows the slower growing seedlings to come through.

My display has been looking great, but in the recent hot and dry weather it is starting to go over. Is there anything I can do?

Most years, the displays carry on with later, taller flowers masking the shorter, earlier ones. Sometimes it’s just a question of giving nature a little bit more time. Even if the later flowers are less showy, they will still have a lot of sparkle. If they’re looking more brown than colourful, you can give them the Chelsea chop, which is a very high cut that knocks off the seeding flower heads and stimulates a second flush of greener growth and flowers.

Product FAQs

Are annual meadows easy to grow, especially if I have little gardening experience?

Yes, annual meadows are easy to grow and are ideal for less experienced gardeners.

Are there any grasses in your annual seed mixes?

No, we don’t add any grasses to our annual seed mixes.

Where do you source the annual seeds from?

We grow and harvest a range of annual seeds ourselves on our site in Sheffield, and we also source annual seeds from the UK and EU. Many of the species we use, especially in our perennial seed and turf products, are native British wildflowers. Other species are native to Europe. A small proportion are native to North America, South Africa and Asia. They are all non-invasive, are tested, and are of the highest quality. The inclusion of some non-natives alongside native species is understood to benefit pollinators due to the longer flowering season these species provide.

Do you ship worldwide?

No, but you can purchase our annual seed mixes through our European agents Florum DK and Bloomingfields.